---
title: A cartoon shows a line of apes standing up one by one and turning in… — How close are apes to us? · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon shows a line of apes standing up one by one and turning into a man. What is closer to the truth? Test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice w
---

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# Test 3 · ★★★ · How close are apes to us?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon shows a line of apes standing up one by one and turning into a man. What is closer to the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cartoon, apes · **What happens:** show, stand up, turn, be · **To what, where:** line, one

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 17 «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon shows a line of apes standing up one by one and turning into a man.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t3:1
# text = A cartoon shows a line of apes standing up one by one and turning into a man.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	conj	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a cartoon | a line of apes |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent line=Recipient |
| 2 | **stand up** | gerund | apes *not said here* | one by one |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **turn** | gerund | apes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into a man *result* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into man=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is closer to the truth?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t3:2
# text = What is closer to the truth?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the truth; close *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Humans and apes branch from shared ancestors, like a family tree, not a ladder

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t3:o1:1
# text = Humans and apes branch from shared ancestors, like a family tree, not a ladder
1	Humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	branch	branch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ladder	ladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **branch** | present | Humans and apes |  |  |  |  | from shared ancestors | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from ancestor=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every chimp will one day become a man

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t3:o2:1
# text = Every chimp will one day become a man
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	chimp	chimp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | future | every chimp | a man |  |  | day |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apes stood up because they were cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t3:o3:1
# text = Apes stood up because they were cold
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past | Apes |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | Apes *= ape* |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gorillas slowly turned into chimps, and then chimps turned into people

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:17-how-close-are-apes-to-us:t3:o4:1
# text = Gorillas slowly turned into chimps, and then chimps turned into people
1	Gorillas	gorilla	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	chimps	chimp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
9	chimps	chimp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Gorillas |  |  | chimps |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into chimp=Trajectory |
| 2 | **turn** | past | chimps |  |  |  | then | into people *result* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into people=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [How close are apes to us?, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/t2/)
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