---
title: Identify the principal reason for which no polar bear is encountered… — Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, cl… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which no polar bear is encountered in the wild in Antarctica. Exam question 1 of lesson 170 «Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and stone-stealing penguins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics o
---

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# Exam question 1 · Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which no polar bear is encountered in the wild in Antarctica.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, encounter · **To what, where:** principal reason, polar bear, wild

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 170 «Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and stone-stealing penguins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which no polar bear is encountered in the wild in Antarctica.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
8	polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	encountered	encounter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wild	wild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **encounter** | present · passive |  | no polar bear |  | the wild |  | for the principal reason; in Antarctica | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The species is confined to the Arctic regions of the northern hemisphere

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins:e1:o1:1
# text = The species is confined to the Arctic regions of the northern hemisphere
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | present · passive |  | the species |  | the Arctic regions of the northern hemisphere |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to region=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The species is concealed beneath the ice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins:e1:o2:1
# text = The species is concealed beneath the ice
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | present · passive |  | the species |  | the ice |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient beneath ice=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The species was exterminated by penguins

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins:e1:o3:1
# text = The species was exterminated by penguins
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	exterminated	exterminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exterminate** | past · passive | penguins | the species |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The species migrates to Antarctica exclusively in winter and returns in spring

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins:e1:o4:1
# text = The species migrates to Antarctica exclusively in winter and returns in spring
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	migrates	migrate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	returns	return	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **migrate** | present | the species |  | Antarctica |  | winter | exclusively *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **return** | present | the species *not said here* |  |  |  | spring |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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