---
title: «sharks have to keep swimming or they die, all of them» What is right? — Reef giants and wanderers: whale shark… · tree and pragmatics
description: «sharks have to keep swimming or they die, all of them» What is right? Test 8 of lesson 174 «Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Test 8 · Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«sharks have to keep swimming or they die, all of them» What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** sharks · **What happens:** have, keep, swim, die, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 174 «Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t8:1
# text = «sharks have to keep swimming or they die, all of them» What is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	die	die	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
15	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | sharks |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | sharks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **swim** *in a quote* | gerund | sharks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **die** *in a quote* | present | sharks *= shark* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, sharks never sleep at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t8:o1:1
# text = Yes, sharks never sleep at all
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sleep** | present | sharks |  |  | all |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not all: some reef sharks can rest on the sea floor and still breathe

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t8:o2:1
# text = Not all: some reef sharks can rest on the sea floor and still breathe
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	reef	reef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	still	still	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | can | some reef sharks |  |  | the sea floor |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on floor=Location |
| 2 | **breathe** | infinitive | some reef sharks *not said here* |  |  |  | still |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, every shark dies if it stops

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t8:o3:1
# text = Yes, every shark dies if it stops
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	dies	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | present | every shark |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **stop** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | shark |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, sharks breathe air at the surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t8:o4:1
# text = No, sharks breathe air at the surface
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | sharks | air |  | the surface |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/)