---
title: A diver sees a small fish fixed to a manta's belly, upside down. Wha… — Reef giants and wanderers: whale shark… · tree and pragmatics
description: A diver sees a small fish fixed to a manta's belly, upside down. What is it? Test 9 of lesson 174 «Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mov
---

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# Test 9 · Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A diver sees a small fish fixed to a manta's belly, upside down. What is it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** diver · **What happens:** see, fix, be · **To what, where:** small fish

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 of lesson 174 «Reef giants and wanderers: whale sharks, mantas, dugongs and sea turtles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A diver sees a small fish fixed to a manta's belly, upside down.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t9:1
# text = A diver sees a small fish fixed to a manta's belly, upside down.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diver	diver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	down	down	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | a diver | a small fish and upside |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fish=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fix** | participle |  | a small fish and upside *not said here* |  |  |  | to a manta's belly | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to belly=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is it?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t9:2
# text = What is it?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | diver |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A remora holding on with its sucker

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t9:o1:1
# text = A remora holding on with its sucker
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	remora	remora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sucker	sucker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold on** | gerund | a remora *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with remora's sucker | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fish that the manta caught and is carrying

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t9:o2:1
# text = A fish that the manta caught and is carrying
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | participle | the manta | a fish *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | present · progressive | a fish |  |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby manta riding along on its back

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t9:o3:1
# text = A baby manta riding along on its back
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	manta	manta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	riding	ride	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	along	along	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride along** | gerund | a baby manta *not said here* |  |  | manta's back |  | along *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big barnacle stuck tight to its skin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:174-reef-giants-and-wanderers-whale-sharks-mantas-dugongs-and-sea-turtles:t9:o4:1
# text = A big barnacle stuck tight to its skin
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	barnacle	barnacle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	tight	tight	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** | participle |  | a big barnacle *not said here* |  |  |  | to barnacle's skin; tight *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to skin=Co-Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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