---
title: Ascertain the reason for which numerous animals of the deep sea are… — The twilight zone: barreleyes, lantern… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which numerous animals of the deep sea are of red colouration. Exam question 3 of lesson 175 «The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Exam question 3 · The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which numerous animals of the deep sea are of red colouration.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, numerous animals · **What happens:** ascertain, be · **To what, where:** reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 175 «The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth:e3:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which numerous animals of the deep sea are of red colouration.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
6	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	colouration	colouration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | which numerous animals of the deep sea |  |  |  |  | of red colouration | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such animals consume exclusively red food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth:e3:o1:1
# text = Such animals consume exclusively red food
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	consume	consume	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present | Such animals | red food |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Asset |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red light does not penetrate to such depths, so that red bodies appear black

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth:e3:o2:1
# text = Red light does not penetrate to such depths, so that red bodies appear black
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	penetrate	penetrate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	depths	depth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	14	mark	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	appear	appear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **penetrate** | present · do-support | Red light |  |  |  |  | to such depths | vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **appear** | present | red bodies |  |  |  |  | black *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The red pigment retains heat in cold water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth:e3:o3:1
# text = The red pigment retains heat in cold water
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pigment	pigment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	retains	retain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | present | the red pigment | heat |  | cold water |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red colouration attracts prey from the surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth:e3:o4:1
# text = Red colouration attracts prey from the surface
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	colouration	colouration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attracts	attract	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attract** | present | Red colouration | prey |  | the surface |  |  | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The twilight zone: barreleyes, lantern…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/e2/)
- next →: [The twilight zone: barreleyes, lantern…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/e4/)
- ↑ back to [The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/)