---
title: Identify the principal source of energy upon which the communities o… — Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron sn… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal source of energy upon which the communities of hydrothermal vents depend. Exam question 1 of lesson 177 «Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger Deep and life without sunlight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and prag
---

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# Exam question 1 · Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal source of energy upon which the communities of hydrothermal vents depend.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, communities · **What happens:** identify, depend · **To what, where:** principal source

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 177 «Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger Deep and life without sunlight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal source of energy upon which the communities of hydrothermal vents depend.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	communities	community	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	hydrothermal	hydrothermal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	vents	vent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal source of energy |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent source=Theme |
| 2 | **depend** | present | the communities of hydrothermal vents |  |  |  |  | upon the principal source of energy | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sunlight penetrating to the sea floor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight:e1:o1:1
# text = Sunlight penetrating to the sea floor
1	Sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	penetrating	penetrate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **penetrate** | gerund | Sunlight *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the sea floor | vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heat of the water consumed directly by the animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight:e1:o2:1
# text = The heat of the water consumed directly by the animals
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | participle |  | the heat of the water *not said here* |  |  |  | directly *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **heat** |  | the water |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chemicals dissolved in the vent water, used by bacteria to manufacture food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight:e1:o3:1
# text = Chemicals dissolved in the vent water, used by bacteria to manufacture food
1	Chemicals	chemical	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	vent	vent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:agent	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	manufacture	manufacture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dissolve** | participle |  | Chemicals *not said here* |  | the vent water |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | participle · passive | bacteria | Chemicals |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 3 | **manufacture** | to-infinitive | bacteria *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Organic matter imported exclusively from the surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight:e1:o4:1
# text = Organic matter imported exclusively from the surface
1	Organic	organic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	imported	import	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **import** | participle |  | Organic matter *not said here* |  | the surface |  | exclusively *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from surface=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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