---
title: Identify the function of the pneumatophores of certain species of ma… — Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the function of the pneumatophores of certain species of mangrove. Exam question 1 of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish an…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the function of the pneumatophores of certain species of mangrove.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify · **To what, where:** function

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e1:1
# text = Identify the function of the pneumatophores of certain species of mangrove.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pneumatophores	pneumatophore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	mangrove	mangrove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the function of the pneumatophores of certain species of mangrove |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They capture insects for nutrition

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e1:o1:1
# text = They capture insects for nutrition
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	capture	capture	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	nutrition	nutrition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capture** | present | They | insects |  |  |  | for nutrition | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent insect=Theme for nutrition=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They protrude from the mud and admit air to the root system

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e1:o2:1
# text = They protrude from the mud and admit air to the root system
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	protrude	protrude	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	admit	admit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protrude** | present | They |  |  | the mud |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **admit** *speech: other* | present | They *not said here* | air | the root system |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent air=Topic to system=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They anchor the tree to rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e1:o3:1
# text = They anchor the tree to rock
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	anchor	anchor	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **anchor** | present | They | the tree |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They secrete salt into the surrounding sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e1:o4:1
# text = They secrete salt into the surrounding sea
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	secrete	secrete	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **secrete** | present | They | salt |  | the surrounding sea |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **surround** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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