---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting method of the archerfish? Exam question 2 of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of
---

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# Exam question 2 · Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish an…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting method of the archerfish?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** hunting method

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting method of the archerfish?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	archerfish	archerfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the hunting method of the archerfish |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It captures insects with an extended tongue

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e2:o1:1
# text = It captures insects with an extended tongue
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	captures	capture	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	extended	extended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capture** | present | It | insects |  |  |  | with a extended tongue | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It ascends trees to seize insects

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e2:o2:1
# text = It ascends trees to seize insects
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ascends	ascend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	seize	seize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascend** | present | It | trees |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tree=Trajectory |
| 2 | **seize** | to-infinitive |  | insects |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It awaits insects falling of their own accord into the water beneath the mangroves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e2:o3:1
# text = It awaits insects falling of their own accord into the water beneath the mangroves
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	awaits	await	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	accord	accord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	mangroves	mangrove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **await** | present | It | insects |  |  |  | beneath the mangroves | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | gerund | insects *not said here* |  |  | the water |  | of insects's own accord | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of accord=Initial\_Location into water=Destination |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It dislodges insects with a jet of water, correcting for the bending of light

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:e2:o4:1
# text = It dislodges insects with a jet of water, correcting for the bending of light
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dislodges	dislodge	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	correcting	correct	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bending	bending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dislodge** | present | It | insects |  |  |  | with a jet of water | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme |
| 2 | **correct** *speech: disagree* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for the bending of light | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/)