---
title: An archerfish shoots at a beetle on a leaf above the water. Why does… — Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudski… · tree and pragmatics
description: An archerfish shoots at a beetle on a leaf above the water. Why does it not aim where the beetle seems to be? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish an…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An archerfish shoots at a beetle on a leaf above the water. Why does it not aim where the beetle seems to be?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** archerfish, beetle · **What happens:** shoot, not aim, seem, be · **To what, where:** leaf

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 178 «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* An archerfish shoots at a beetle on a leaf above the water.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:t8:1
# text = An archerfish shoots at a beetle on a leaf above the water.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	archerfish	archerfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shoots	shoot	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoot** | present | a archerfish |  |  | a leaf above the water |  | at a beetle | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at beetle=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why does it not aim where the beetle seems to be?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:t8:2
# text = Why does it not aim where the beetle seems to be?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	aim	aim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **aim** | present · do-support | archerfish |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **seem** | present | the beetle |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **be** | to-infinitive | the beetle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It cannot see the beetle at all from under the water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:t8:o1:1
# text = It cannot see the beetle at all from under the water
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | can | It | the beetle |  | all |  | from the water | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer beetle=Stimulus |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It wants to miss on purpose

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:t8:o2:1
# text = It wants to miss on purpose
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	miss	miss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **miss** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | purpose |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water bends light, so the beetle looks in the wrong place

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:t8:o3:1
# text = Water bends light, so the beetle looks in the wrong place
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | present | Water | light |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material |
| 2 | **look** | present | the beetle |  |  |  |  | in the wrong place | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in place=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water makes everything look bigger only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers:t8:o4:1
# text = Water makes everything look bigger only
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	obj	_	_
4	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Water | everything |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | everything *not said here* |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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