---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the glowworms of the Waitomo Caves? Exam question 3 of lesson 179 «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the quest
---

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# Exam question 3 · Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a se…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the glowworms of the Waitomo Caves?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** glowworms

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 179 «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the glowworms of the Waitomo Caves?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	glowworms	glowworm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Waitomo	Waitomo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Caves	Cave	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the glowworms of the Waitomo Caves |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are lamps installed for the benefit of visitors

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:e3:o1:1
# text = They are lamps installed for the benefit of visitors
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	installed	install	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	benefit	benefit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | lamps |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **install** | participle |  | lamps *not said here* |  |  |  | for the benefit of visitors | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are luminous minerals within the rock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:e3:o2:1
# text = They are luminous minerals within the rock
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	luminous	luminous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	minerals	mineral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | luminous minerals |  |  |  | within the rock | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are fly larvae which emit light to lure insects into sticky threads

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:e3:o3:1
# text = They are fly larvae which emit light to lure insects into sticky threads
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	fly	fly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	larvae	larva	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	emit	emit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	lure	lure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
10	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | fly larvae |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **emit** | present | fly larvae | light |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme |
| 3 | **lure** | to-infinitive | fly larvae *not said here* | insects |  |  |  | into sticky threads *result* | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent insect=Patient into thread=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are earthworms that glow when touched

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:e3:o4:1
# text = They are earthworms that glow when touched
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	earthworms	earthworm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	glow	glow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	touched	touch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | earthworms |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **glow** | present | earthworms |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **touch** | participle | earthworms *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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