---
title: Which bird could find its way in a pitch-black cave? — Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which bird could find its way in a pitch-black cave? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 179 «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a se…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which bird could find its way in a pitch-black cave?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** bird · **What happens:** find · **To what, where:** way, black cave

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 179 «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:t11:1
# text = Which bird could find its way in a pitch-black cave?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | could | which bird | bird's way |  | a black cave |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cave swiftlet, by clicking

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:t11:o1:1
# text = A cave swiftlet, by clicking
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	swiftlet	swiftlet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	clicking	click	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **click** | gerund | a cave swiftlet *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ostrich, by running very fast

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:t11:o2:1
# text = An ostrich, by running very fast
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ostrich	ostrich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	conj	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pigeon, by its sense of smell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:t11:o3:1
# text = A pigeon, by its sense of smell
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sense** |  | pigeon | smell |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chicken, by its sharp eyesight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave:t11:o4:1
# text = A chicken, by its sharp eyesight
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	eyesight	eyesight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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