---
title: Ascertain the reason for which the Galápagos penguin is able to inha… — The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea ig… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which the Galápagos penguin is able to inhabit equatorial waters. Exam question 3 of lesson 180 «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the q
---

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# Exam question 3 · The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finc…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which the Galápagos penguin is able to inhabit equatorial waters.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, Galápagos penguin · **What happens:** ascertain, be, inhabit · **To what, where:** reason, equatorial waters

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 180 «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions:e3:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which the Galápagos penguin is able to inhabit equatorial waters.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Galápagos	Galápagos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	equatorial	equatorial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Galápagos penguin |  |  |  |  | for the reason; able *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **inhabit** | to-infinitive | the Galápagos penguin *not said here* | equatorial waters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It resides solely in shaded caves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions:e3:o1:1
# text = It resides solely in shaded caves
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	resides	reside	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	shaded	shade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reside** | present | It |  |  | shaded caves |  | solely *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location |
| 2 | **shade** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold ocean currents supply cool water abundant in fish

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions:e3:o2:1
# text = Cold ocean currents supply cool water abundant in fish
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	currents	current	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	supply	supply	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supply** | present | Cold ocean currents | cool water |  |  |  | in fish; abundant *property* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It subsists without food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions:e3:o3:1
# text = It subsists without food
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subsists	subsist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | without food | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The islands are permanently covered in thick ice and snow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions:e3:o4:1
# text = The islands are permanently covered in thick ice and snow
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | the islands |  |  |  | in thick ice and snow; permanently *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in ice=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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