---
title: Ascertain the means by which antivenom is produced. — Record-breakers: the most venomous and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the means by which antivenom is produced. Exam question 2 of lesson 188 «Record-breakers: the most venomous and poisonous» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous/e2/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Record-breakers: the most venomous and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous/) / e2

# Exam question 2 · Record-breakers: the most venomous and poisonous

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the means by which antivenom is produced.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, the · **What happens:** ascertain, mean, produce · **To what, where:** antivenom · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 188 «Record-breakers: the most venomous and poisonous» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous:e2:1
# text = Ascertain the means by which antivenom is produced.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	6	det	_	_
6	antivenom	antivenom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **produce** | present · passive |  | which antivenom |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Minute quantities of venom are administered to horses or sheep, whose blood produces antibodies

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous:e2:o1:1
# text = Minute quantities of venom are administered to horses or sheep, whose blood produces antibodies
1	Minute	minute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	administered	administer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	produces	produce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **administer** | present · passive |  | Minute quantities of venom | horses or sheep |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to horse=Recipient |
| 2 | **produce** | present | blood | antibodies |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antibody=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is extracted directly from the leaves of plants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous:e2:o2:1
# text = It is extracted directly from the leaves of plants
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	extracted	extract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extract** | present · passive |  | It |  | the leaves of plants |  | directly *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from leaf=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Venom is combined with sugar and dried

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous:e2:o3:1
# text = Venom is combined with sugar and dried
1	Venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	combined	combine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combine** | present · passive |  | Venom |  |  |  | with sugar | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with sugar=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Venom is boiled until rendered harmless

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous:e2:o4:1
# text = Venom is boiled until rendered harmless
1	Venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	boiled	boil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
6	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boil** | present · passive |  | Venom |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **render** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | harmless *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Record-breakers: the most venomous and…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous/e1/)
- next →: [Record-breakers: the most venomous and…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Record-breakers: the most venomous and poisonous](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous/)