---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the chihuahua and the Great Dane? Exam question 1 of lesson 192 «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Exam question 1 · Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the chihuahua and the Great Dane?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** relationship

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 192 «Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the chihuahua and the Great Dane?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	chihuahua	chihuahua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	Dane	Dane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the relationship |  |  |  | of the following statements; between the chihuahua and the Great Dane; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are members of distinct species descended from distinct wild ancestors

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds:e1:o1:1
# text = They are members of distinct species descended from distinct wild ancestors
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | members |  |  |  | of distinct species | tree rules |
| 2 | **descend** | participle |  | members *not said here* |  | distinct wild ancestors |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from ancestor=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are members of a single breed differing only in age

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds:e1:o2:1
# text = They are members of a single breed differing only in age
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	breed	breed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	differing	differ	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | members |  |  |  | of a single breed | tree rules |
| 2 | **differ** | gerund | members *not said here* |  |  |  | in age |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are members of a single species, differing by reason of selective breeding by man

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds:e1:o3:1
# text = They are members of a single species, differing by reason of selective breeding by man
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	differing	differ	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	selective	selective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	breeding	breeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | members |  |  |  | of a single species | tree rules |
| 2 | **differ** | gerund | members *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by reason of selective breeding; by man | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are members of the same genus but cannot interbreed in principle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds:e1:o4:1
# text = They are members of the same genus but cannot interbreed in principle
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	genus	genus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	interbreed	interbreed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | members |  |  |  | of the same genus | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **interbreed** | can | They *not said here* |  |  | principle |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/t11/)
- next →: [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Dogs: from wolves to hundreds of breeds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/192-dogs-from-wolves-to-hundreds-of-breeds/)