---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Cats as hunters: presents on the doorm… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting method of the domestic cat? Exam question 1 of lesson 198 «Cats as hunters: presents on the doormat and why Tom never catches Jerry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Cats as hunters: presents on the doormat and why Tom never…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting method of the domestic cat?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** hunting method

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 198 «Cats as hunters: presents on the doormat and why Tom never catches Jerry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting method of the domestic cat?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the hunting method of the domestic cat |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It relies chiefly upon barking to flush out prey

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e1:o1:1
# text = It relies chiefly upon barking to flush out prey
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	relies	rely	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	barking	bark	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	flush	flush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rely** | present | It |  |  |  |  | chiefly *property* | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bark** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **flush out** | to-infinitive |  | prey |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent prey=Source |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It hunts exclusively by daylight in open fields

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e1:o2:1
# text = It hunts exclusively by daylight in open fields
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunts	hunt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | It |  |  | open fields |  | by daylight; exclusively *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by daylight=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It pursues its prey continuously throughout the dwelling until the prey is exhausted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e1:o3:1
# text = It pursues its prey continuously throughout the dwelling until the prey is exhausted
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pursues	pursue	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	continuously	continuously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pursue** | present | It | its prey |  | the dwelling |  | continuously *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent prey=Theme throughout dwelling=Trajectory |
| 2 | **exhaust** | present · passive |  | the prey |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It waits motionless, approaches by stealth and strikes in a single short burst

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e1:o4:1
# text = It waits motionless, approaches by stealth and strikes in a single short burst
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waits	wait	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	motionless	motionless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	approaches	approach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	stealth	stealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	strikes	strike	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	burst	burst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | present | It | approaches |  |  |  | by stealth; motionless *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by stealth=Location |
| 2 | **strike** | present |  |  |  | a single short burst |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in burst=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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