---
title: Ascertain which of the following measures is recognised as reducing… — Cats as hunters: presents on the doorm… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain which of the following measures is recognised as reducing the predation of garden birds by pet cats. Exam question 4 of lesson 198 «Cats as hunters: presents on the doormat and why Tom never catches Jerry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmat
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry/e4/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Cats as hunters: presents on the doorm…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry/) / e4

# Exam question 4 · Cats as hunters: presents on the doormat and why Tom never…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain which of the following measures is recognised as reducing the predation of garden birds by pet cats.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, follow, recognise, reduce, predate · **To what, where:** predation, garden birds

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 198 «Cats as hunters: presents on the doormat and why Tom never catches Jerry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e4:1
# text = Ascertain which of the following measures is recognised as reducing the predation of garden birds by pet cats.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	measures	measure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	reducing	reduce	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	predation	predation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	pet	pet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **recognise** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **reduce** | gerund |  | the predation of garden birds |  |  |  | by pet cats | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer predation=Patient |
| 5 | **predate** |  |  | garden birds |  |  |  |  | nom predation «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Permitting the cat outdoors solely at dawn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e4:o1:1
# text = Permitting the cat outdoors solely at dawn
1	Permitting	permit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	outdoors	outdoors	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | gerund |  | the cat |  |  | dawn | outdoors, solely *property* | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeding the cat exclusively upon milk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e4:o2:1
# text = Feeding the cat exclusively upon milk
1	Feeding	feed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | gerund |  |  | the cat |  |  | upon milk; exclusively *property* | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Painting the birds in bright colours

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e4:o3:1
# text = Painting the birds in bright colours
1	Painting	paint	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | gerund |  | the birds |  | bright colours |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent bird=Theme in colour=Destination |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fitting a bell or brightly coloured collar cover

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry:e4:o4:1
# text = Fitting a bell or brightly coloured collar cover
1	Fitting	fit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	collar	collar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fit** | gerund |  | a bell or coloured collar cover |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bell=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Cats as hunters: presents on the doorm…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry/e3/)
- next →: [Cat body language and cat myths: milk,…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/199-cat-body-language-and-cat-myths-milk-nine-lives-and-landing-on-their-feet/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Cats as hunters: presents on the doormat and why Tom never catches Jerry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/198-cats-as-hunters-presents-on-the-doormat-and-why-tom-never-catches-jerry/)