---
title: Ascertain the reason for which the leopard conveys its prey into the… — Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which the leopard conveys its prey into the branches of trees. Exam question 3 of lesson 20 «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Exam question 3 · Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which the leopard conveys its prey into the branches of trees.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, leopard · **What happens:** ascertain, convey · **To what, where:** reason, prey, branches

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 20 «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:e3:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which the leopard conveys its prey into the branches of trees.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	conveys	convey	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **convey** | present | the leopard | leopard's prey |  | the branches of trees |  | for the reason | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent prey=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To permit the carcass to be dried by the wind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:e3:o1:1
# text = To permit the carcass to be dried by the wind
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	permit	permit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	carcass	carcass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | to-infinitive |  | the carcass |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent carcass=Theme |
| 2 | **dry** | to-infinitive · passive | the wind | the carcass *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To prevent the theft of the carcass by lions and hyenas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:e3:o2:1
# text = To prevent the theft of the carcass by lions and hyenas
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carcass	carcass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | to-infinitive |  | the theft of the carcass |  |  |  | by lions and hyenas | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer theft=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To attract other leopards so that they may share in the meal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:e3:o3:1
# text = To attract other leopards so that they may share in the meal
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	attract	attract	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	leopards	leopard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	9	mark	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attract** | to-infinitive |  | other leopards |  |  |  |  | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leopard=Patient |
| 2 | **share** | may | leopards *= leopard* |  |  | the meal |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To conceal the carcass from rainfall

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:e3:o4:1
# text = To conceal the carcass from rainfall
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	conceal	conceal	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	carcass	carcass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | to-infinitive |  | the carcass |  | rainfall |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent carcass=Patient from rainfall=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/e2/)
- next →: [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/)