---
title: A zoo book shows big rosettes with spots inside and says leopard, fr… — Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the ho… · tree and pragmatics
description: A zoo book shows big rosettes with spots inside and says leopard, from Africa. What is wrong? Test 2 · ★★ of lesson 20 «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Test 2 · ★★ · Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A zoo book shows big rosettes with spots inside and says leopard, from Africa. What is wrong?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** zoo book · **What happens:** show, say, be · **To what, where:** big rosettes, leopard, Africa · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 20 «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A zoo book shows big rosettes with spots inside and says leopard, from Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:t2:1
# text = A zoo book shows big rosettes with spots inside and says leopard, from Africa.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rosettes	rosette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a zoo book | big rosettes |  |  |  | with spots | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent rosette=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a zoo book *not said here* | leopard |  | Africa |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent leopard=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is wrong?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:t2:2
# text = What is wrong?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leopards have stripes, not spots

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:t2:o1:1
# text = Leopards have stripes, not spots
1	Leopards	leopard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stripes	stripe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Leopards | stripes and spots |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stripe=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leopards live only in the Americas, so it must be from South America

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:t2:o2:1
# text = Leopards live only in the Americas, so it must be from South America
1	Leopards	leopard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Leopards |  |  | the Americas |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in americas=Location |
| 2 | **is** | must | it |  |  | South America |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, that is a leopard

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:t2:o3:1
# text = Nothing, that is a leopard
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	leopard	leopard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that | a leopard |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those rosettes belong to a jaguar, which lives in the Americas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat:t2:o4:1
# text = Those rosettes belong to a jaguar, which lives in the Americas
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	rosettes	rosette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | that rosettes |  |  |  |  | to a jaguar | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | present | a jaguar |  |  | the Americas |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in americas=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/)