---
title: It is given that a young guinea pig leaps vertically and twists in m… — Guinea pigs: wheeks, popcorning and vi… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a young guinea pig leaps vertically and twists in mid-air. Ascertain the most probable explanation. Exam question 4 of lesson 201 «Guinea pigs: wheeks, popcorning and vitamin C» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Exam question 4 · Guinea pigs: wheeks, popcorning and vitamin C

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a young guinea pig leaps vertically and twists in mid-air. Ascertain the most probable explanation.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** young guinea pig, you · **What happens:** give, leap, twist, ascertain · **To what, where:** It, mid-air, probable explanation

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 201 «Guinea pigs: wheeks, popcorning and vitamin C» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/201-guinea-pigs-wheeks-popcorning-and-vitamin-c/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a young guinea pig leaps vertically and twists in mid-air.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:201-guinea-pigs-wheeks-popcorning-and-vitamin-c:e4:1
# text = It is given that a young guinea pig leaps vertically and twists in mid-air.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	guinea	guinea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	leaps	leap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	vertically	vertically	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	twists	twist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	mid-air	mid-air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **leap** | present | a young guinea pig |  |  |  |  | vertically *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **twist** | present | a young guinea pig *not said here* |  |  | mid-air |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in mid-air=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the most probable explanation.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:201-guinea-pigs-wheeks-popcorning-and-vitamin-c:e4:2
# text = Ascertain the most probable explanation.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	4	advmod	_	_
4	probable	probable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the probable explanation |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explanation=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The behaviour signifies the onset of hibernation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:201-guinea-pigs-wheeks-popcorning-and-vitamin-c:e4:o1:1
# text = The behaviour signifies the onset of hibernation
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	onset	onset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hibernation	hibernation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | the behaviour | the onset of hibernation |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot onset=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The behaviour signifies an acute deficiency of vitamin C

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:201-guinea-pigs-wheeks-popcorning-and-vitamin-c:e4:o2:1
# text = The behaviour signifies an acute deficiency of vitamin C
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	acute	acute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	deficiency	deficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | the behaviour | a acute deficiency of vitamin C |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot deficiency=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The behaviour, termed popcorning, signifies excitement and contentment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:201-guinea-pigs-wheeks-popcorning-and-vitamin-c:e4:o3:1
# text = The behaviour, termed popcorning, signifies excitement and contentment
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	termed	term	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	popcorning	popcorning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	contentment	contentment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **term** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **signify** | present | the behaviour and termed popcorning | excitement and contentment |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot excitement=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The behaviour signifies an attempt to escape a predator

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:201-guinea-pigs-wheeks-popcorning-and-vitamin-c:e4:o4:1
# text = The behaviour signifies an attempt to escape a predator
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	attempt	attempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	predator	predator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | the behaviour | a attempt |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot attempt=Theme |
| 2 | **escape** | to-infinitive | the behaviour *not said here* | a predator |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme predator=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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