---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a bird cage ought not to be… — Budgies and canaries · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a bird cage ought not to be situated in a kitchen. Exam question 2 of lesson 205 «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Budgies and canaries

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a bird cage ought not to be situated in a kitchen.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, not situate · **To what, where:** principal reason, bird cage, kitchen

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 205 «Budgies and canaries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a bird cage ought not to be situated in a kitchen.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	situated	situate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **situate** | ought · passive | you *not said here* | a bird cage |  | a kitchen |  | for the principal reason | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in kitchen=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The odour of food induces excessive singing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries:e2:o1:1
# text = The odour of food induces excessive singing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	odour	odour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	induces	induce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **induce** | present | the odour of food | excessive singing |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent singing=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kitchens are insufficiently illuminated

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries:e2:o2:1
# text = Kitchens are insufficiently illuminated
1	Kitchens	kitchen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	insufficiently	insufficiently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **illuminate** | present · passive |  | Kitchens |  |  |  | insufficiently *property* | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds are invariably averse to human company

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries:e2:o3:1
# text = Birds are invariably averse to human company
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	averse	averse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Birds |  |  |  |  | to human company; averse, invariably *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fumes and smoke from cooking may injure or kill small birds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:205-budgies-and-canaries:e2:o4:1
# text = Fumes and smoke from cooking may injure or kill small birds
1	Fumes	fume	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	injure	injure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | may | Fumes from cooking and smoke |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **kill** | infinitive | Fumes from cooking and smoke *not said here* | small birds |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Budgies and canaries, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/e1/)
- next →: [Budgies and canaries, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Budgies and canaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/205-budgies-and-canaries/)