---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the sleeping habits of the domestic horse? Exam question 1 of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the ques
---

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# Exam question 1 · Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in he…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the sleeping habits of the domestic horse?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** sleeping habits

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the sleeping habits of the domestic horse?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	sleeping	sleeping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	habits	habit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the sleeping habits of the domestic horse |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse abstains from sleep entirely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e1:o1:1
# text = The horse abstains from sleep entirely
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	abstains	abstain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abstain** | present | the horse |  |  | sleep |  | entirely *property* | vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent from sleep=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse sleeps only during the winter months

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e1:o2:1
# text = The horse sleeps only during the winter months
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | the horse |  |  |  | month |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animal may doze erect by means of locking joints, yet requires brief recumbent periods for deep sleep

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e1:o3:1
# text = The animal may doze erect by means of locking joints, yet requires brief recumbent periods for deep sleep
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	doze	doze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	erect	erect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	locking	lock	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	brief	brief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	periods	period	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **doze** | may | the animal |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | erect |  |  |  |  | of locking joints | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lock** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **require** | present |  | brief recumbent periods |  |  |  | for deep sleep | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme period=Precondition |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse sleeps exclusively while lying down for twelve hours

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e1:o4:1
# text = The horse sleeps exclusively while lying down for twelve hours
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | the horse |  |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lie down** | gerund | the horse *not said here* |  |  |  | hour | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/t11/)
- next →: [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/)