---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the horse grazes for the gre… — Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the horse grazes for the greater part of the day. Exam question 2 of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in he…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the horse grazes for the greater part of the day.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, horse · **What happens:** identify, graze · **To what, where:** principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 207 «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the horse grazes for the greater part of the day.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	grazes	graze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **graze** | present | the horse |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; for the greater part of the day | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animal is required to keep pasture short

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e2:o1:1
# text = The animal is required to keep pasture short
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	pasture	pasture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive |  | the animal |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | pasture |  |  |  | short *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pasture=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grazing serves solely to sharpen the teeth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e2:o2:1
# text = Grazing serves solely to sharpen the teeth
1	Grazing	graze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	serves	serve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sharpen	sharpen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | gerund |  | serves |  |  |  | solely *property* | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent serve=Experiencer |
| 2 | **sharpen** | to-infinitive |  | the teeth |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stomach is of small capacity and requires a near-continuous passage of food

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e2:o3:1
# text = The stomach is of small capacity and requires a near-continuous passage of food
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	capacity	capacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	continuous	continuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the stomach |  |  |  |  | of small capacity | tree rules |
| 2 | **require** | present | the stomach *not said here* | a continuous passage of food |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme passage=Precondition |
| 3 | **pass** |  | food |  |  |  |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grass contains no nourishment whatsoever, so vast quantities must be consumed to survive

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds:e2:o4:1
# text = Grass contains no nourishment whatsoever, so vast quantities must be consumed to survive
1	Grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
8	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	survive	survive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Grass | no nourishment |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot nourishment=Theme |
| 2 | **consume** | must · passive |  | vast quantities |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |
| 3 | **survive** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/e1/)
- next →: [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see,…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/)