---
title: Identify the principal reason for which colic constitutes a grave da… — Hooves, riding and caring for a horse,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which colic constitutes a grave danger to the horse. Exam question 2 of lesson 208 «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 2 · Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mu…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which colic constitutes a grave danger to the horse.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, colic · **What happens:** identify, constitute · **To what, where:** principal reason, grave danger

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 208 «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which colic constitutes a grave danger to the horse.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	colic	colic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **constitute** | present | colic | a grave danger |  |  |  | for the principal reason; to the horse | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme danger=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse vomits continuously in consequence, losing the greater part of its body water within a few hours

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:e2:o1:1
# text = The horse vomits continuously in consequence, losing the greater part of its body water within a few hours
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	vomits	vomit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	continuously	continuously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	within	within	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vomit** | present | the horse |  |  | consequence |  | continuously *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lose** | gerund | the horse *not said here* | the greater part of horse's body water |  |  | hour |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Eventuality |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The animal is unable to vomit, owing to a muscle permitting the passage of food in one direction only

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:e2:o2:1
# text = The animal is unable to vomit, owing to a muscle permitting the passage of food in one direction only
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	vomit	vomit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	permitting	permit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
20	only	only	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the animal |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **vomit** | to-infinitive | the animal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **owe** | gerund | the animal *not said here* |  |  | one direction |  | to a muscle *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to muscle=Goal |
| 4 | **permit** | gerund | a muscle *not said here* | the passage of food |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Theme |
| 5 | **pass** |  | food |  |  |  |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colic invariably renders the animal blind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:e2:o3:1
# text = Colic invariably renders the animal blind
1	Colic	colic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	renders	render	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | Colic | the animal |  |  |  | blind, invariably *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colic is a condition peculiar to the hooves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:e2:o4:1
# text = Colic is a condition peculiar to the hooves
1	Colic	colic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	peculiar	peculiar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hooves	hoove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Colic | a condition peculiar |  |  |  | to the hooves | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Hooves, riding and caring for a horse,…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/e1/)
- next →: [Hooves, riding and caring for a horse,…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/)