---
title: In a cartoon a horse gallops with two legs always touching the groun… — Hooves, riding and caring for a horse,… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon a horse gallops with two legs always touching the ground like a rocking horse. What did a photographer prove in 1878? Test 5 · ★★ of lesson 208 «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pr
---

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# Test 5 · ★★ · Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mu…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon a horse gallops with two legs always touching the ground like a rocking horse. What did a photographer prove in 1878?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** horse · **What happens:** gallop, touch, prove · **To what, where:** cartoon, ground, 1878

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 208 «Hooves, riding and caring for a horse, plus donkeys and mules» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon a horse gallops with two legs always touching the ground like a rocking horse.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:t5:1
# text = In a cartoon a horse gallops with two legs always touching the ground like a rocking horse.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gallops	gallop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	11	advmod	_	_
11	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	rocking	rocking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gallop** | present | a horse |  |  | a cartoon |  | with two legs | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory |
| 2 | **touch** | gerund | a horse *not said here* | the ground |  |  |  | like a rocking horse; always *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ground=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What did a photographer prove in 1878?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:t5:2
# text = What did a photographer prove in 1878?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	photographer	photographer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1878	1878	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | past · do-support |  |  |  | 1878 |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horses cannot gallop at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:t5:o1:1
# text = Horses cannot gallop at all
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	gallop	gallop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **gallop** | can | Horses |  |  | all |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Trajectory |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At one moment all four feet are off the ground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:t5:o2:1
# text = At one moment all four feet are off the ground
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:unmarked	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | off the ground; four feet *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horse gallops on its back legs only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:t5:o3:1
# text = A horse gallops on its back legs only
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gallops	gallop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gallop** | present | a horse |  |  | horse's back legs |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horse always keeps all four feet down

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:208-hooves-riding-and-caring-for-a-horse-plus-donkeys-and-mules:t5:o4:1
# text = A horse always keeps all four feet down
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | a horse | four feet |  |  |  | always, down *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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