---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Elephants: the trunk and everything it… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which an adult elephant ingests water? Exam question 2 of lesson 21 «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Elephants: the trunk and everything it does

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which an adult elephant ingests water?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** adult elephant · **What happens:** follow, characteris, ingest · **To what, where:** manner, water

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 21 «Elephants: the trunk and everything it does» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:21-elephants-the-trunk:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which an adult elephant ingests water?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	ingests	ingest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
17	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the manner |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **ingest** | present | a adult elephant | water |  | the manner |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal water=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water is lapped with the tongue in the manner of a dog

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:21-elephants-the-trunk:e2:o1:1
# text = Water is lapped with the tongue in the manner of a dog
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	lapped	lap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lap** | present · passive |  | Water |  |  |  | with the tongue; in the manner of a dog | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme in manner=Attribute |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water is absorbed through the skin of the feet

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:21-elephants-the-trunk:e2:o2:1
# text = Water is absorbed through the skin of the feet
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	absorbed	absorb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | present · passive |  | Water |  | the skin of the feet |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water passes directly through the trunk into the stomach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:21-elephants-the-trunk:e2:o3:1
# text = Water passes directly through the trunk into the stomach
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | Water |  |  | the trunk |  | into the stomach; directly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme through trunk=Initial\_Location into stomach=Destination |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water is drawn into the trunk and subsequently expelled into the mouth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:21-elephants-the-trunk:e2:o4:1
# text = Water is drawn into the trunk and subsequently expelled into the mouth
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	expelled	expel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | present · passive |  | Water |  |  |  | into the trunk *result* | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Patient into trunk=Result |
| 2 | **expel** | participle |  |  |  | the mouth |  | subsequently *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/e1/)
- next →: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Elephants: the trunk and everything it does](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/)