---
title: Identify the principal reason for which sheep maintain close proximi… — Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climber… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which sheep maintain close proximity to one another within a flock. Exam question 2 of lesson 211 «Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climbers and the tin-can myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Exam question 2 · Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climbers and the tin-can myth

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which sheep maintain close proximity to one another within a flock.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, sheep · **What happens:** identify, maintain · **To what, where:** principal reason, close proximity, one

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 211 «Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climbers and the tin-can myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which sheep maintain close proximity to one another within a flock.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	maintain	maintain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	proximity	proximity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
13	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	fixed	_	_
14	within	within	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **maintain** | present | sheep | close proximity | one |  |  | for the principal reason; within a flock | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent proximity=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aggregation affords protection from predators

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth:e2:o1:1
# text = Aggregation affords protection from predators
1	Aggregation	aggregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	affords	afford	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afford** | present | Aggregation | protection |  | predators |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leading animal is invariably the mother of all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth:e2:o2:1
# text = The leading animal is invariably the mother of all
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	leading	lead	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the leading animal | the mother |  |  |  | of all; invariably *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Proximity is required for the digestion of grass

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth:e2:o3:1
# text = Proximity is required for the digestion of grass
1	Proximity	proximity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	digestion	digestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive |  | Proximity |  |  |  | for the digestion of grass | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |
| 2 | **digest** |  |  | grass |  |  |  |  | nom digestion «process transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sheep are incapable of independent vision

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth:e2:o4:1
# text = Sheep are incapable of independent vision
1	Sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sheep |  |  |  |  | of independent vision; incapable *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climber…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth/e1/)
- next →: [Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climber…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Sheep and goats: wool, flocks, climbers and the tin-can myth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/211-sheep-and-goats-wool-flocks-climbers-and-the-tin-can-myth/)