---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the spines of the hedgehog? Exam question 1 of lesson 214 «Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the spines of the hedgehog?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** spines

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 214 «Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the spines of the hedgehog?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	spines	spine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the spines of the hedgehog |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are hollow hairs, some five thousand in number, which cannot be discharged

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them:e1:o1:1
# text = They are hollow hairs, some five thousand in number, which cannot be discharged
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
7	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	compound	_	_
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	appos	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	discharged	discharge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | hollow hairs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **discharge** | can · passive |  | hollow hairs |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are bones which may be projected at an assailant over some distance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them:e1:o2:1
# text = They are bones which may be projected at an assailant over some distance
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	projected	project	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	assailant	assailant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
13	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | bones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **project** | may · passive |  | bones |  | a assailant |  | over some distance | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: subject=Attribute at assailant=Value |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They number fewer than fifty

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them:e1:o3:1
# text = They number fewer than fifty
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are thorns acquired from hedges

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them:e1:o4:1
# text = They are thorns acquired from hedges
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	thorns	thorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hedges	hedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | thorns |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **acquire** | participle |  | thorns *not said here* |  | hedges |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from hedge=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them/t11/)
- next →: [Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/214-hedgehogs-spines-hibernation-and-how-to-help-them/)