---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits… · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the formation known as a murmuration. Exam question 4 of lesson 216 «Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of
---

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# Exam question 4 · Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the formation known as a murmuration.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, established facts · **What happens:** select, establish, concern, know · **To what, where:** response, formation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 216 «Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders:e4:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the formation known as a murmuration.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	formation	formation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	murmuration	murmuration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the formation |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus formation=Experiencer |
| 4 | **know** | participle |  | the formation *not said here* |  |  |  | as a murmuration | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as murmuration=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A single leader directs every bird

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders:e4:o1:1
# text = A single leader directs every bird
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	directs	direct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | present | a single leader | every bird |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Starlings flock in great numbers at dusk for safety, each bird responding to its nearest neighbours

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders:e4:o2:1
# text = Starlings flock in great numbers at dusk for safety, each bird responding to its nearest neighbours
1	Starlings	starling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flock	flock	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	responding	respond	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	17	amod	_	_
17	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flock** | present | Starlings |  |  | great numbers | dusk | for safety and each bird | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **respond** *speech: other* | gerund | each bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to bird's nearest neighbours | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to neighbour=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a song performed by robins in winter beneath the street lamps of towns and cities

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders:e4:o3:1
# text = It is a song performed by robins in winter beneath the street lamps of towns and cities
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	robins	robin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **perform** | participle |  | a song *not said here* |  |  | winter | by robins; beneath the street lamps of towns and cities | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is composed exclusively of wrens, which gather at dusk in order to sing together loudly

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders:e4:o4:1
# text = It is composed exclusively of wrens, which gather at dusk in order to sing together loudly
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wrens	wren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compose** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | of wrens; exclusively *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **gather** | present | wrens |  |  | order | dusk |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | loudly, together *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/e3/)
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