---
title: Identify the principal means by which respiration is accomplished in… — Worms, snails and slugs · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal means by which respiration is accomplished in the earthworm. Exam question 1 of lesson 217 «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Worms, snails and slugs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal means by which respiration is accomplished in the earthworm.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, principal · **What happens:** identify, mean, accomplish · **To what, where:** respiration, earthworm · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 217 «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal means by which respiration is accomplished in the earthworm.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
7	respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	accomplished	accomplish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	earthworm	earthworm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the principal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **accomplish** | present · passive |  | which respiration |  | the earthworm |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water is passed across gills situated near the head of the animal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs:e1:o1:1
# text = Water is passed across gills situated near the head of the animal
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	situated	situate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present · passive |  | Water |  | gills |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |
| 2 | **situate** | participle |  | gills *not said here* |  | the head of the animal |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent near head=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air is admitted through an aperture situated at the posterior end

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs:e1:o2:1
# text = Air is admitted through an aperture situated at the posterior end
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	admitted	admit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	situated	situate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	posterior	posterior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admit** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Air |  | a aperture |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme through aperture=Location |
| 2 | **situate** | participle |  | a aperture *not said here* |  |  | at the posterior end |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at end=Destination |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gaseous exchange occurs through the moist surface of the skin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs:e1:o3:1
# text = Gaseous exchange occurs through the moist surface of the skin
1	Gaseous	gaseous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	exchange	exchange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | Gaseous exchange |  |  | the moist surface of the skin |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through surface=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air is drawn into a pair of internal lungs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs:e1:o4:1
# text = Air is drawn into a pair of internal lungs
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | present · passive |  | Air |  |  |  | into a pair of internal lungs *result* | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Patient into pair=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Worms, snails and slugs, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/t11/)
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