---
title: Identify the principal reason for which an elephant herd is led by i… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which an elephant herd is led by its eldest female. Exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice w
---

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# Exam question 1 · Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which an elephant herd is led by its eldest female.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, eldest female · **What happens:** identify, lead · **To what, where:** principal reason, elephant herd

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which an elephant herd is led by its eldest female.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	15	amod	_	_
15	female	female	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | present · passive | herd's eldest female | a elephant herd |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her status as the youngest member of the entire herd

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:e1:o1:1
# text = Her status as the youngest member of the entire herd
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	status	status	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The length of her tusks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:e1:o2:1
# text = The length of her tusks
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	tusks	tusk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her accumulated memory of resources and dangers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:e1:o3:1
# text = Her accumulated memory of resources and dangers
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	accumulated	accumulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	resources	resource	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dangers	danger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her superior bodily mass

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:e1:o4:1
# text = Her superior bodily mass
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	superior	superior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	bodily	bodily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/t11/)
- next →: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/)