---
title: A one-year-old calf is surrounded by its mother and two aunts. Why d… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m… · tree and pragmatics
description: A one-year-old calf is surrounded by its mother and two aunts. Why do the aunts help? Test 10 · ★ of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was w
---

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# Test 10 · ★ · Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A one-year-old calf is surrounded by its mother and two aunts. Why do the aunts help?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** mother, aunts · **What happens:** surround, help · **To what, where:** old calf

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A one-year-old calf is surrounded by its mother and two aunts.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t10:1
# text = A one-year-old calf is surrounded by its mother and two aunts.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	aunts	aunt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | present · passive | calf's mother and two aunts | a old calf |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why do the aunts help?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t10:2
# text = Why do the aunts help?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	aunts	aunt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present · do-support | the aunts |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They want to take the calf for themselves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t10:o1:1
# text = They want to take the calf for themselves
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **take** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | the calf |  |  |  | for themselves *= they* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent calf=Theme for themselves=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Females in the herd share in looking after the calves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t10:o2:1
# text = Females in the herd share in looking after the calves
1	Females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	share	share	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund | the herd share *not said here* |  |  |  | after the calves |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mother has gone off to live with the big males and left her calf behind

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t10:o3:1
# text = The mother has gone off to live with the big males and left her calf behind
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	males	male	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go off** | present · perfect | the mother |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | the mother *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the big males | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with male=Location |
| 3 | **leave** | past | the mother *not said here* | mother's calf |  |  |  | behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The calf is their teacher

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t10:o4:1
# text = The calf is their teacher
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the calf | their teacher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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