---
title: Why might a herd led by a young matriarch do worse in a drought? — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why might a herd led by a young matriarch do worse in a drought? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/t3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/) / t3

# Test 3 · ★ · Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why might a herd led by a young matriarch do worse in a drought?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** lead · **To what, where:** herd

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t3:1
# text = Why might a herd led by a young matriarch do worse in a drought?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
2	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
5	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	matriarch	matriarch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	drought	drought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | participle |  | a herd *not said here* |  |  |  | by a young matriarch | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by matriarch=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Young females have no trunks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t3:o1:1
# text = Young females have no trunks
1	Young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	trunks	trunk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Young females | no trunks |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The other elephants refuse to follow a young female

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t3:o2:1
# text = The other elephants refuse to follow a young female
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	refuse	refuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	female	female	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | present | the other elephants |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **follow** | to-infinitive | the other elephants *not said here* | a young female |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent female=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She can't walk as fast

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t3:o3:1
# text = She can't walk as fast
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **walk** | can | She |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has fewer memories of far-away water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory:t3:o4:1
# text = She has fewer memories of far-away water
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	memories	memory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	fixed	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | fewer memories of water |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/t2/)
- next →: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/t4/)
- ↑ back to [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/)