---
title: Identify the means by which a spider situated at the margin of its w… — Spiders and other minibeasts under log… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the means by which a spider situated at the margin of its web detects the capture of prey. Exam question 1 of lesson 220 «Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each o
---

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# Exam question 1 · Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the means by which a spider situated at the margin of its web detects the capture of prey.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, the, spider · **What happens:** identify, mean, situate, detect, capture · **To what, where:** spider, margin, capture, prey

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 220 «Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones:e1:1
# text = Identify the means by which a spider situated at the margin of its web detects the capture of prey.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
8	situated	situate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	margin	margin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	web	web	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	detects	detect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	capture	capture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **situate** | participle |  | a spider *not said here* |  | the margin of spider's web |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at margin=Destination |
| 4 | **detect** | present | a spider | the capture of prey |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer capture=Stimulus |
| 5 | **capture** |  |  | prey |  |  |  |  | nom capture «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It perceives the vibration transmitted along the threads

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones:e1:o1:1
# text = It perceives the vibration transmitted along the threads
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perceives	perceive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	vibration	vibration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	transmitted	transmit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | present | It | the vibration |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer vibration=Stimulus |
| 2 | **transmit** | participle |  | the vibration *not said here* |  |  |  | along the threads | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It observes the web with eyes situated upon its dorsal surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones:e1:o2:1
# text = It observes the web with eyes situated upon its dorsal surface
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	observes	observe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	web	web	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	situated	situate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	dorsal	dorsal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | present | It | the web |  |  |  | with eyes | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent web=Topic |
| 2 | **situate** | participle |  | eyes *not said here* |  | web's dorsal surface |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon surface=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It detects the odour of the prey at a considerable distance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones:e1:o3:1
# text = It detects the odour of the prey at a considerable distance
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	detects	detect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	odour	odour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	considerable	considerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **detect** | present | It | the odour of the prey |  |  |  | at a considerable distance | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer odour=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It hears the vocalisations of the captured insect

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones:e1:o4:1
# text = It hears the vocalisations of the captured insect
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hears	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	vocalisations	vocalisation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	captured	capture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present | It | the vocalisations of the captured insect |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer vocalisation=Stimulus |
| 2 | **capture** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **vocalise** |  |  | the captured insect |  |  |  |  | nom vocalisation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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