---
title: What would a pigeon most likely use as a nest site if a town had no… — Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city… · tree and pragmatics
description: What would a pigeon most likely use as a nest site if a town had no buildings? Test 10 of lesson 221 «Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 10 · Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What would a pigeon most likely use as a nest site if a town had no buildings?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** pigeon, town · **What happens:** use, have · **To what, where:** buildings

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 221 «Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs:t10:1
# text = What would a pigeon most likely use as a nest site if a town had no buildings?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	1	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
6	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | a pigeon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as a nest site; likely *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | a town | no buildings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent building=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The top of a tall grass stem

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs:t10:o1:1
# text = The top of a tall grass stem
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stem	stem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hole dug in the ground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs:t10:o2:1
# text = A hole dug in the ground
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | participle |  | a hole *not said here* |  | the ground |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in ground=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A floating nest on a lake

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs:t10:o3:1
# text = A floating nest on a lake
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	floating	float	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ledge on a cliff, like its wild ancestors

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs:t10:o4:1
# text = A ledge on a cliff, like its wild ancestors
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ledge	ledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/)