---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term seagull? Exam question 2 of lesson 223 «Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Exam question 2 · Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term seagull?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** term seagull

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 223 «Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term seagull?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	seagull	seagull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the term seagull |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a popular name applied to numerous species of gull, many of which reside inland

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water:e2:o1:1
# text = It is a popular name applied to numerous species of gull, many of which reside inland
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	gull	gull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nmod	_	_
16	reside	reside	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	inland	inland	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a popular name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **apply** | participle |  | a popular name *not said here* |  |  |  | to numerous species of gull | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **reside** | present | many |  |  |  |  | inland *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the name of a hybrid between a gull and a pigeon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water:e2:o2:1
# text = It is the name of a hybrid between a gull and a pigeon
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hybrid	hybrid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	gull	gull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | the name and a pigeon |  |  |  | of a hybrid between a gull | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It refers only to the young of the herring gull

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water:e2:o3:1
# text = It refers only to the young of the herring gull
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refers	refer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	herring	herring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	gull	gull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | present | It | the young of the herring gull |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent young=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is the scientific name of one species confined to the open ocean

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water:e2:o4:1
# text = It is the scientific name of one species confined to the open ocean
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | the scientific name |  |  |  | of one species | tree rules |
| 2 | **confine** | participle |  | one species *not said here* |  | the open ocean |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to ocean=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water/)