---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Kindness to wild animals · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard to wildlife presented by discarded fishing line? Exam question 2 of lesson 226 «Kindness to wild animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 2 · Kindness to wild animals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard to wildlife presented by discarded fishing line?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, present, discard · **To what, where:** hazard, wildlife

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 226 «Kindness to wild animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/226-kindness-to-wild-animals/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:226-kindness-to-wild-animals:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard to wildlife presented by discarded fishing line?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	presented	present	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	discarded	discard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
16	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the hazard |  |  |  | of the following statements; to wildlife; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **present** | participle |  | wildlife *not said here* |  |  |  | by discarded fishing line | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **discard** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The growth of bankside vegetation is thereby prevented

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:226-kindness-to-wild-animals:e2:o1:1
# text = The growth of bankside vegetation is thereby prevented
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	bankside	bankside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	vegetation	vegetation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	prevented	prevent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | present · passive |  | the growth of bankside vegetation |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** |  | bankside vegetation |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish are permanently deterred from the watercourse in which the line lies

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:226-kindness-to-wild-animals:e2:o2:1
# text = Fish are permanently deterred from the watercourse in which the line lies
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	deterred	deter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	watercourse	watercourse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deter** | present · passive |  | Fish |  | the watercourse |  | permanently *property* | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: subject=Beneficiary from watercourse=Eventuality |
| 2 | **lie** | present | the line |  |  | the watercourse |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in which=Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds such as swans and ducks may become entangled and sustain injury

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:226-kindness-to-wild-animals:e2:o3:1
# text = Birds such as swans and ducks may become entangled and sustain injury
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
2	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	_
4	swans	swan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	entangled	entangled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sustain	sustain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | may | Birds such swans and ducks |  |  |  |  | entangled *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **sustain** | present | Birds such swans and ducks *not said here* | injury |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent injury=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water is contaminated by dyes released from the line

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:226-kindness-to-wild-animals:e2:o4:1
# text = The water is contaminated by dyes released from the line
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	contaminated	contaminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dyes	dye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	released	release	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contaminate** | present · passive | dyes | the water |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination |
| 2 | **release** | participle |  | dyes *not said here* |  | the line |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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