---
title: Identify the finding of Lazzaro Spallanzani in respect of bats flyin… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the finding of Lazzaro Spallanzani in respect of bats flying amongst suspended threads. Exam question 2 of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 2 · Echolocation: how bats see with sound

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the finding of Lazzaro Spallanzani in respect of bats flying amongst suspended threads.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, bats · **What happens:** identify, fly, suspend, find, respect · **To what, where:** finding, respect, suspended threads, Lazzaro, bats

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e2:1
# text = Identify the finding of Lazzaro Spallanzani in respect of bats flying amongst suspended threads.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	finding	finding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Lazzaro	Lazzaro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	Spallanzani	Spallanzani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	amongst	amongst	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	suspended	suspend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the finding of Lazzaro |  | respect of bats |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent finding=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | bats *not said here* |  |  | suspended threads |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme amongst thread=Location |
| 3 | **suspend** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **find** |  |  | Lazzaro |  |  |  |  | nom finding «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **respect** |  |  | bats |  |  |  |  | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats avoided the threads by smell alone, irrespective of the condition of their eyes or ears

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e2:o1:1
# text = Bats avoided the threads by smell alone, irrespective of the condition of their eyes or ears
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | past | Bats | the threads |  |  |  | by smell; of the condition of Bats's eyes or ears; alone *property* | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent thread=Location |
| 2 | **condition** |  |  | Bats's eyes or ears |  |  |  |  | nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats deprived of sight invariably collided with the threads

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e2:o2:1
# text = Bats deprived of sight invariably collided with the threads
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deprived	deprive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	collided	collide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deprive** | past | Bats |  |  |  |  | of sight | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent of sight=Theme |
| 2 | **collide** | past | Bats *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the threads; invariably *property* | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with thread=Co-Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats deprived of hearing collided with the threads, whereas those deprived of sight did not

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e2:o3:1
# text = Bats deprived of hearing collided with the threads, whereas those deprived of sight did not
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deprived	deprive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	collided	collide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	threads	thread	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	deprived	deprive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deprive** | past | Bats |  |  |  |  | of hearing | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent of hearing=Theme |
| 2 | **collide** | participle |  | hearing *not said here* |  |  |  | with the threads | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with thread=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **deprive** | participle · passive |  | those |  |  |  | of sight | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source of sight=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **do** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats were incapable of flight in any enclosed room

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e2:o4:1
# text = Bats were incapable of flight in any enclosed room
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	enclosed	enclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Bats |  |  |  |  | of flight in any enclosed room; incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **enclose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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