---
title: Ascertain the term by which the rapid succession of calls emitted by… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the term by which the rapid succession of calls emitted by a bat immediately prior to the capture of an insect is designated. Exam question 4 of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 4 · Echolocation: how bats see with sound

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the term by which the rapid succession of calls emitted by a bat immediately prior to the capture of an insect is designated.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, emit, designate, capture · **To what, where:** term, calls, rapid succession, insect

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the term by which the rapid succession of calls emitted by a bat immediately prior to the capture of an insect is designated.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	succession	succession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	calls	call	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	emitted	emit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
16	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	capture	capture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the term |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent term=Topic |
| 2 | **emit** | participle |  | calls *not said here* |  |  |  | by a bat; prior the capture of a insect; immediately *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |
| 3 | **designate** | present · passive |  | the rapid succession of calls |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **capture** |  |  | a insect |  |  |  |  | nom capture «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The birds' dawn chorus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e4:o1:1
# text = The birds' dawn chorus
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	chorus	chorus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chorus** |  | the birds |  |  |  |  |  | nom chorus «event transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bee's waggle dance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e4:o2:1
# text = The bee's waggle dance
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	waggle	waggle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** |  | the bee |  |  |  |  |  | nom dance «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The feeding buzz

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e4:o3:1
# text = The feeding buzz
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	feeding	feeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	buzz	buzz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The signature whistle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:e4:o4:1
# text = The signature whistle
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	signature	signature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	whistle	whistle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Echolocation: how bats see with sound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/)