---
title: A cartoon vampire turns into a big bat and bites people's necks. Wha… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon vampire turns into a big bat and bites people's necks. What is the real vampire bat like? Test 2 · ★★ of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Test 2 · ★★ · Echolocation: how bats see with sound

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon vampire turns into a big bat and bites people's necks. What is the real vampire bat like?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cartoon vampire, real vampire bat · **What happens:** turn, bite, be · **To what, where:** big bat, necks

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon vampire turns into a big bat and bites people's necks.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:t2:1
# text = A cartoon vampire turns into a big bat and bites people's necks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	vampire	vampire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	bites	bite	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	necks	neck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | a cartoon vampire |  |  | a big bat |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into bat=Trajectory |
| 2 | **bite** | present | a cartoon vampire *not said here* | people's necks |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is the real vampire bat like?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:t2:2
# text = What is the real vampire bat like?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	vampire	vampire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the real vampire bat |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It lives only in old castles in Transylvania and nowhere else

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:t2:o1:1
# text = It lives only in old castles in Transylvania and nowhere else
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	castles	castle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Transylvania	Transylvania	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	conj	_	_
11	else	else	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | It |  |  | old castles in Transylvania |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in castle=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Huge, and drinks people's blood every night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:t2:o2:1
# text = Huge, and drinks people's blood every night
1	Huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	drinks	drink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | present |  | people's blood |  |  | night |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It eats garlic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:t2:o3:1
# text = It eats garlic
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	garlic	garlic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | It | garlic |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garlic=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tiny, and mostly drinks a little blood from sleeping animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound:t2:o4:1
# text = Tiny, and mostly drinks a little blood from sleeping animals
1	Tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	drinks	drink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	amod	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | present |  | a little blood |  |  |  | from sleeping animals; mostly *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient |
| 2 | **sleep** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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