---
title: Why did a 1902 cartoon lead to the teddy bear? — Bears · tree and pragmatics
description: Why did a 1902 cartoon lead to the teddy bear? Test 11 of lesson 23 «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · Bears

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why did a 1902 cartoon lead to the teddy bear?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** do · **To what, where:** cartoon lead

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 of lesson 23 «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/23-bears/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:23-bears:t11:1
# text = Why did a 1902 cartoon lead to the teddy bear?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	1902	1902	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	teddy	teddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past |  | a cartoon lead |  |  |  | to the teddy bear | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lead=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bear called Teddy saved the President

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:23-bears:t11:o1:1
# text = A bear called Teddy saved the President
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	Teddy	Teddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
5	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	President	President	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | a bear *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **save** | past | a bear | the President |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent president=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roosevelt refused to shoot a tied-up bear, and a toy maker made a bear named after him

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:23-bears:t11:o2:1
# text = Roosevelt refused to shoot a tied-up bear, and a toy maker made a bear named after him
1	Roosevelt	Roosevelt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	shoot	shoot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
9	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	maker	maker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	_
19	after	after	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | Roosevelt |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **shoot** | to-infinitive | Roosevelt *not said here* | a tied bear |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Theme |
| 3 | **tie up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | past | a toy maker | a bear |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **name** | participle | a bear *not said here* |  |  |  | after maker |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roosevelt invented the toy himself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:23-bears:t11:o3:1
# text = Roosevelt invented the toy himself
1	Roosevelt	Roosevelt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past | Roosevelt | the toy |  |  |  | Roosevelt *obl* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roosevelt kept a real bear called Teddy in the White House

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:23-bears:t11:o4:1
# text = Roosevelt kept a real bear called Teddy in the White House
1	Roosevelt	Roosevelt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	Teddy	Teddy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	White	White	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	House	House	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Roosevelt | a real bear |  | the White House |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bear=Theme in house=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a real bear *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Bears, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/23-bears/t10/)
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