---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Echolocation in the sea and in people:… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the capacity for echolocation amongst whales? Exam question 2 of lesson 230 «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tre
---

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# Exam question 2 · Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, s…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the capacity for echolocation amongst whales?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** capacity

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 230 «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the capacity for echolocation amongst whales?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	capacity	capacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	amongst	amongst	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the capacity |  |  |  | of the following statements; for echolocation amongst whales; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is possessed by toothed whales but apparently not by baleen whales

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans:e2:o1:1
# text = It is possessed by toothed whales but apparently not by baleen whales
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	possessed	possess	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	toothed	toothed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	apparently	apparently	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	baleen	baleen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present · passive | toothed whales but baleen whales | It |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is possessed by baleen whales alone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans:e2:o2:1
# text = It is possessed by baleen whales alone
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	possessed	possess	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	baleen	baleen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present · passive | baleen whales | It |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is possessed by no whale whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans:e2:o3:1
# text = It is possessed by no whale whatsoever
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	possessed	possess	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present · passive | no whale | It |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is possessed by all whales without exception

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans:e2:o4:1
# text = It is possessed by all whales without exception
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	possessed	possess	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	exception	exception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present · passive | all whales | It |  |  |  | without exception | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/e1/)
- next →: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/)