---
title: In a film an electric ray lies flat on the sand. A diver steps near… — Electric senses: electric eels, sharks… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a film an electric ray lies flat on the sand. A diver steps near it. What could happen? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 231 «Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a film an electric ray lies flat on the sand. A diver steps near it. What could happen?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** electric ray, diver · **What happens:** lie, step, happen · **To what, where:** film, sand

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 231 «Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a film an electric ray lies flat on the sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees:t9:1
# text = In a film an electric ray lies flat on the sand.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | a electric ray |  |  | a film |  | on the sand; flat *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in film=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A diver steps near it.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees:t9:2
# text = A diver steps near it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diver	diver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	steps	step	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **step** | present | a diver |  |  | sand |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near it=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What could happen?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees:t9:3
# text = What could happen?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | could |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ray could give a strong shock to defend itself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees:t9:o1:1
# text = The ray could give a strong shock to defend itself
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	defend	defend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | could | the ray | a strong shock |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shock=Theme |
| 2 | **defend** | to-infinitive | the ray *not said here* | shock |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, rays are made of jelly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees:t9:o2:1
# text = Nothing, rays are made of jelly
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Nothing rays |  |  |  | of jelly | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ray would light up like a lamp

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees:t9:o3:1
# text = The ray would light up like a lamp
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	light	light	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light up** | would | the ray |  |  |  |  | like a lamp | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ray would swim up off the sand and hug the diver

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees:t9:o4:1
# text = The ray would swim up off the sand and hug the diver
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hug	hug	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	diver	diver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim up** | would | the ray |  |  | the sand |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off sand=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hug** | infinitive | the ray *not said here* | the diver |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diver=Co-Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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