---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, ja… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the behaviour of jays in respect of stored food? Exam question 3 of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questio
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/e3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, ja…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/) / e3

# Exam question 3 · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the behaviour of jays in respect of stored food?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, store, respect · **To what, where:** behaviour, stored food

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the behaviour of jays in respect of stored food?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	jays	jay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the behaviour of jays in respect of stored food |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **store** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **respect** |  |  | stored food |  |  |  |  | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They recover most of their caches months later and re-hide food when observed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots:e3:o1:1
# text = They recover most of their caches months later and re-hide food when observed
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recover	recover	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	caches	cache	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	re-hide	re-hide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
13	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recover** | present | They | most of their caches |  |  |  | late *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | participle | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They consume all food immediately upon finding it, storing none whatsoever for the winter

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots:e3:o2:1
# text = They consume all food immediately upon finding it, storing none whatsoever for the winter
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consume	consume	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	finding	find	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	storing	store	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
11	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	10	obj	_	_
12	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present | They | all food |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Asset |
| 2 | **find** | gerund | They *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 3 | **store** | gerund | They *not said here* | none |  |  | winter | whatsoever *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They store food only in their own nests

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots:e3:o3:1
# text = They store food only in their own nests
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	store	store	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | present | They | food |  | their own nests |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent food=Theme in nest=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are incapable of recalling any cache

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots:e3:o4:1
# text = They are incapable of recalling any cache
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	recalling	recall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	cache	cache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **recall** | gerund | They *not said here* | any cache |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cache=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, ja…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/e2/)
- next →: [Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, ja…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/)