---
title: In a cartoon a dolphin rescues a drowning boy and gives him a ride h… — Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon a dolphin rescues a drowning boy and gives him a ride home. What is the real picture? Test 1 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Test 1 · ★★ · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon a dolphin rescues a drowning boy and gives him a ride home. What is the real picture?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** dolphin, real picture · **What happens:** rescue, drown, give, be · **To what, where:** drowning boy, cartoon, ride, boy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon a dolphin rescues a drowning boy and gives him a ride home.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t1:1
# text = In a cartoon a dolphin rescues a drowning boy and gives him a ride home.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	rescues	rescue	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	drowning	drown	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	home	home	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rescue** | present | a dolphin | a drowning boy |  | a cartoon |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Theme |
| 2 | **drown** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **give** | present | a dolphin *not said here* | a ride | boy |  |  | home *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient ride=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is the real picture?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t1:2
# text = What is the real picture?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the real picture |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dolphins always save every swimmer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t1:o1:1
# text = Dolphins always save every swimmer
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	save	save	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | present | Dolphins | every swimmer |  |  |  | always *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dolphins never come near people

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t1:o2:1
# text = Dolphins never come near people
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **come** | present | Dolphins |  |  |  |  | near people | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near people=Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dolphins have stayed near swimmers in danger, but they are wild and can be rough

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t1:o3:1
# text = Dolphins have stayed near swimmers in danger, but they are wild and can be rough
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stayed	stay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | present · perfect | Dolphins |  |  | swimmers |  | in danger | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near swimmer=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | Dolphins *= dolphin* |  |  |  |  | wild *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | can | Dolphins *= dolphin* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | rough *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dolphins carry people about as pets and take them home whenever they get tired of swimming

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t1:o4:1
# text = Dolphins carry people about as pets and take them home whenever they get tired of swimming
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pets	pet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	home	home	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
14	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Dolphins | people |  |  |  | as pets; about *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | infinitive | Dolphins *not said here* | people |  |  |  | home *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | present | Dolphins *= dolphin* |  |  |  |  | tired, whenever *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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