---
title: A trainer shows «ball take to hoop», then «hoop take to ball». What… — Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr… · tree and pragmatics
description: A trainer shows «ball take to hoop», then «hoop take to ball». What does a trained dolphin do? Test 8 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of e
---

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# Test 8 · ★★ · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trainer shows «ball take to hoop», then «hoop take to ball». What does a trained dolphin do?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** trainer, hoop, trained dolphin · **What happens:** show, take, hoop, train, do · **To what, where:** ball · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A trainer shows «ball take to hoop», then «hoop take to ball».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t8:1
# text = A trainer shows «ball take to hoop», then «hoop take to ball».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	hoop	hoop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	hoop	hoop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a trainer |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 3 | **hoop** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** *in a quote* | infinitive | hoop | ball |  |  | then |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does a trained dolphin do?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t8:2
# text = What does a trained dolphin do?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | present · do-support | a trained dolphin |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, the signs are too hard

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t8:o1:1
# text = Nothing, the signs are too hard
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the signs |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swims away from both, because the two signs mean the opposite

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t8:o2:1
# text = Swims away from both, because the two signs mean the opposite
1	Swims	swim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
2	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
10	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Swims and the two signs | the opposite |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opposite=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The same thing both times

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t8:o3:1
# text = The same thing both times
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two different things, because word order changes the meaning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs:t8:o4:1
# text = Two different things, because word order changes the meaning
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | Two different things | the meaning |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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