---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Animal minds: elephants' memory, feeli… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alleged fear of mice exhibited by elephants? Exam question 1 of lesson 236 «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 1 · Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alleged fear of mice exhibited by elephants?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, exhibit, fear · **To what, where:** alleged fear, mice

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 236 «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alleged fear of mice exhibited by elephants?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	alleged	alleged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the alleged fear of mice |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **exhibit** | participle |  | mice *not said here* |  |  |  | by elephants | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fear** |  |  | mice |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is confined to elephants kept in circuses

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth:e1:o1:1
# text = It is confined to elephants kept in circuses
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	circuses	circus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | present · passive |  | It | elephants |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to elephant=Destination |
| 2 | **keep** | participle |  | elephants *not said here* |  | circuses |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in circus=Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No sound evidence supports it, an elephant being startled by any sudden movement near its feet

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth:e1:o2:1
# text = No sound evidence supports it, an elephant being startled by any sudden movement near its feet
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	supports	support	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	startled	startle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
13	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	near	near	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **support** | present | no sound evidence | it |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 2 | **startle** | gerund · passive | any sudden movement near elephant's feet | a elephant |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It arises from the habit of mice of entering the trunk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth:e1:o3:1
# text = It arises from the habit of mice of entering the trunk
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	arises	arise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	entering	enter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | present | It |  |  | the habit of mice |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **enter** | gerund | the habit of mice *not said here* | the trunk |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme trunk=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is universally observed in all elephants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth:e1:o4:1
# text = It is universally observed in all elephants
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	universally	universally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | in all elephants; universally *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/)