---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Animal minds: what dogs and cats feel… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the «guilty» expression exhibited by a dog upon being reprimanded? Exam question 1 of lesson 237 «Animal minds: what dogs and cats feel and understand (and do cats really chase mice?)» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, wit
---

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# Exam question 1 · Animal minds: what dogs and cats feel and understand (and…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the «guilty» expression exhibited by a dog upon being reprimanded?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, exhibit, reprimand · **To what, where:** guilty expression

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 237 «Animal minds: what dogs and cats feel and understand (and do cats really chase mice?)» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/237-animal-minds-what-dogs-and-cats-feel-and-understand-and-do-cats-really-chase-mice/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:237-animal-minds-what-dogs-and-cats-feel-and-understand-and-do-cats-really-chase-mice:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the «guilty» expression exhibited by a dog upon being reprimanded?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
14	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:agent	_	_
18	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	reprimanded	reprimand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the guilty expression |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **exhibit** | participle |  | the guilty expression *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **reprimand** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is displayed only by dogs of working breeds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:237-animal-minds-what-dogs-and-cats-feel-and-understand-and-do-cats-really-chase-mice:e1:o1:1
# text = It is displayed only by dogs of working breeds
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	displayed	display	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	working	working	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	breeds	breed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **display** | present · passive | dogs of working breeds | It |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is never observed in domestic dogs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:237-animal-minds-what-dogs-and-cats-feel-and-understand-and-do-cats-really-chase-mice:e1:o2:1
# text = It is never observed in domestic dogs
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **observe** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | in domestic dogs | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a reliable admission of the specific misdeed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:237-animal-minds-what-dogs-and-cats-feel-and-understand-and-do-cats-really-chase-mice:e1:o3:1
# text = It constitutes a reliable admission of the specific misdeed
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	reliable	reliable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	admission	admission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	specific	specific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	misdeed	misdeed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a reliable admission of the specific misdeed |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme admission=Pivot |
| 2 | **admit** |  |  | the specific misdeed |  |  |  |  | nom admission «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is displayed irrespective of actual misconduct and probably serves to appease the owner

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:237-animal-minds-what-dogs-and-cats-feel-and-understand-and-do-cats-really-chase-mice:e1:o4:1
# text = It is displayed irrespective of actual misconduct and probably serves to appease the owner
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	displayed	display	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	actual	actual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	appease	appease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **display** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | of actual misconduct; irrespective *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **serve** | present |  |  |  |  |  | probably *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **appease** | to-infinitive |  | the owner |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus owner=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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