---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of leafcutter ants? Exam question 2 of lesson 238 «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/e2/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/) / e2

# Exam question 2 · Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of leafcutter ants?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** diet

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 238 «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of leafcutter ants?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	diet	diet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	leafcutter	leafcutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the diet of leafcutter ants |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They subsist on the nectar of flowers gathered during the hours of daylight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:e2:o1:1
# text = They subsist on the nectar of flowers gathered during the hours of daylight
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	subsist	subsist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	nectar	nectar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
8	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	daylight	daylight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subsist** | present | They |  |  |  |  | on the nectar | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on nectar=Patient |
| 2 | **gather** | past | the nectar *not said here* |  |  |  | hour | of flowers | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They consume soil exclusively

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:e2:o2:1
# text = They consume soil exclusively
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consume	consume	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present | They | soil |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Asset |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They cultivate a fungus upon chewed leaves and consume the fungus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:e2:o3:1
# text = They cultivate a fungus upon chewed leaves and consume the fungus
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	chewed	chew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	consume	consume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | present | They | a fungus |  |  |  | upon chewed leaves | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Product |
| 2 | **chew** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **consume** | infinitive | They *not said here* | the fungus |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Asset |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They consume the leaves directly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:e2:o4:1
# text = They consume the leaves directly
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consume	consume	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present | They | the leaves |  |  |  | directly *property* | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Asset |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/e1/)
- next →: [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/)