---
title: A cartoon ant lifts a whole sandwich. Which is true? — Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and li… · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon ant lifts a whole sandwich. Which is true? Test 1 · ★★ of lesson 238 «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · ★★ · Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon ant lifts a whole sandwich. Which is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cartoon ant · **What happens:** lift, be · **To what, where:** whole sandwich

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 238 «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon ant lifts a whole sandwich.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:t1:1
# text = A cartoon ant lifts a whole sandwich.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ant	ant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lifts	lift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | present | a cartoon ant | a whole sandwich |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sandwich=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:t1:2
# text = Which is true?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ants are as strong as elephants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:t1:o1:1
# text = Ants are as strong as elephants
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	as	as	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ants |  |  |  |  | as elephants; strong *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ants can carry many times their weight, though not a whole sandwich alone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:t1:o2:1
# text = Ants can carry many times their weight, though not a whole sandwich alone
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
14	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | can | Ants | Ants's weight |  |  | time | a whole sandwich *obl* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ants are too weak to lift a crumb

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:t1:o3:1
# text = Ants are too weak to lift a crumb
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crumb	crumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ants |  |  |  |  | weak *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lift** | to-infinitive | Ants *not said here* | a crumb |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only cartoon ants can carry things; real ants can only drag things along the ground

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges:t1:o4:1
# text = Only cartoon ants can carry things; real ants can only drag things along the ground
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	drag	drag	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	along	along	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | can | cartoon ants | things |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **drag** | can | real ants | things |  |  |  | along the ground | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Animal minds: what dogs and cats feel…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/237-animal-minds-what-dogs-and-cats-feel-and-understand-and-do-cats-really-chase-mice/e4/)
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