---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Wolves and dogs · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the composition of a wild wolf pack? Exam question 2 of lesson 24 «Wolves and dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Wolves and dogs

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the composition of a wild wolf pack?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** composition

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 24 «Wolves and dogs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the composition of a wild wolf pack?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the composition of a wild wolf pack |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It consists solely of adult females, the males living apart from the pack

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:e2:o1:1
# text = It consists solely of adult females, the males living apart from the pack
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consists	consist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	males	male	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of adult females and the males; solely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | the males *not said here* |  |  | the pack |  | apart *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It consists principally of a breeding pair and their offspring

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:e2:o2:1
# text = It consists principally of a breeding pair and their offspring
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consists	consist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	breeding	breeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	offspring	offspring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of a breeding pair and pair's offspring; principally *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It consists of unrelated males contending for dominance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:e2:o3:1
# text = It consists of unrelated males contending for dominance
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consists	consist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	males	male	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	contending	contend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dominance	dominance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of unrelated males | tree rules |
| 2 | **contend** | gerund | unrelated males *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for dominance | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It consists of several distinct species

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:24-wolves-and-dogs:e2:o4:1
# text = It consists of several distinct species
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consists	consist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of several distinct species | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Wolves and dogs, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/e1/)
- next →: [Wolves and dogs, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Wolves and dogs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/24-wolves-and-dogs/)